Booker T. Washington Up From Slavery Essays - American Slaves

Booker T. Washington: Up from Slavery Booker T. Washington:'Up from Slavery The life account of Booker T. Washing named Up From Slavery is a rich account of the man's life from bondage to one of the authors of the Tuskegee Institute. The book takes us through one of the most powerful periods in this present nation's history, particularly African Americans. I am extremely keen on the period following the Civil War and particularly in the change of African Americans from captives to freemen. Up From Slavery gives a lot of data on this timespan what's more, helped me to more readily comprehend the progress. Up From Slavery gave a story on Washington's life, just as his perspectives on instruction and mix of African Americans. All however this book was written in the first year of this century I trust Washington's perspectives are as yet legitimate today. America can presumably still gain from them. Booker T. Washington was naturally introduced to servitude in either 1858 or 1859. Birth Records were normally not accessible to slaves. Booker, his sibling and his mom moved to Malden West Virginia after the Civil War. They went to live with his stepfather, whom they had as it were seen a couple of times previously. At the point when they showed up in Malden, Washington was no all the more then nine years of age. In any case, he went to work with his stepfather in the salt mine business taking care of the heaters. His training began with a Webster's old Blue-Black spelling book that his mom had given him. She trusted it would assist him with learning to peruse. At the point when Washington began working with his stepfather in the salt mines, he needed to work from sunrise to 9:00 PM, accepting not many breaks during the day. During his breaks he would consider his spelling book, instructing himself to peruse. While working with his stepfather, a nearby school opened up for individuals of color. But since of Booker's an incentive to his family in the mines, he kept on working there in line with his folks. In the long run, he talked his stepfather into letting him go to class a couple of hours during the day. Booker, nonetheless, ran into another issue. His stepfather needed him to work until 9:00 AM and the youthful Booker thought that it was hard to arrive at school in time. He in this manner accomplished something that he was not glad for further down the road. Washington figured out how to change the clock each morning from half past eight to nine so he could show up at school on schedule. The boss acknowledged somebody was changing the clock and bolted it to deny access to everything except himself. This is a case of the length to which the youthful Booker went to get an opportunity to learn. Booker learned at an early age the significance of getting things done for himself. Another story from the book shows what assisted with building Booker's character. While at school he saw that all of the individuals were wearing tops. At the point when he stood up to his mom about this she clarified they couldn't bear to get him a locally acquired top. Be that as it may she revealed to him that she would work something out. Washington's mom took two old bits of material and sewed them together to make him a top. For an amazing remainder, he would recall that top as a significant exercise in his life. Washington states: The exercise that my mom showed me in this has consistently stayed with me, and I have attempted as well as can be expected to educate it to other people. I have consistently felt glad, at whatever point I think about the episode, that my mom had the quality of character enough not to be driven into the enticement of appearing to be that of which she isn't of attempting to intrigue my classmates and others with the way that she had the option to get me a store cap when she was most certainly not. Afterward, the youthful Washington took work at the home of a Mrs. Ruffiner as a house hireling. Numerous young men before him, in a similar activity, kept going had just half a month due to her requests. Ruffiner was extremely severe and expected the best out of the young men that worked for her. She requested that they be spotless and polite. This remained with Booker for an incredible remainder. He notes, Even right up 'til today I never observed bits of paper spread around the house or in the road that I don't need to get them on the double. Subsequent to working for Ruffiner for a year and a half, youthful Washington was acknowledged at the Hampton Institute, a school set up by whites to

Othello Tragic Hero

As indicated by Aristotle, a disastrous saint is a character of respectable status and enormity. He is a man who isn't totally acceptable or completely malicious, rather, he is a man who all in all is acceptable, yet additionally adds to his own annihilation by some ethical shortcomings, known as the lethal blemish. Aristotle further clarifies that the hero must be commanded by a ‘hamartia’ or sad imperfection which prompts his ruin. All catastrophes have a legend with a defect, and in the play Othello, the saint gets changed by his terrible imperfections of desire and guilelessness. Othello is the general in the military of Venice and is infatuated with Desdemona. He is a Moor of African plunge, who has ascended through the positions of the Venetian armed force through difficult work and accomplishment in fight. Othello is a social and racial outcast, frequently portrayed as a ‘black ram’ or ‘moor’, and his relationship with Desdemona was not acknowledged by the general public at that point, subsequently bringing about their activities to run off and get hitched. Othello is an honorable figure and notwithstanding of the shade of his skin, was regarded by numerous individuals in the general public. In the play, Othello’s focal blemish is desire, achieving passing and misjudging for a considerable lot of the characters. His defect of desire was misused by Iago and controlled through numerous coincidental occasions. Othello is a trusting and honorable character and is viewed as Shakespeare’s most sentimental character. Othello’s unlimited love for Desdemona makes it excruciating for him to think about another man taking a gander at her. Othello’s deadly defect of desire is appeared, as because of his dubious and desirous nature, he thinks everything Iago enlightens him regarding Cassio and Desdemona. Iago utilizes Othello’s incredible love through extraordinary control to get Othello increasingly desirous, this can be seen when Othello is gradually beginning to trust Iago, â€Å"Damn her, lecherous minx! O, damn her! Come, go with me separated; I will pull back, To outfit me with some quick methods for death For the reasonable fallen angel. Presently workmanship thou my lieutenant. † Othello later blames Desdemona for deceiving him, â€Å"O, villain, demon! In the event that that the Earth could abound with lady's tears, Each drop she falls would demonstrate a crocodile. Out of my sight! † this demonstrates as an astonishment for Desdemona as in spite of the fact that she is being dedicated to her better half, he doesn't accept a word she is stating because of his blemish of envy. Othello’s defect of desire takes him through a progression of dilemmas, drove by Iago, where he settles on the choices to trust Iago’s allegations on Desdemona and Cassio. It is then his desire that makes him think Desdemona, and sort out insignificant data that gives him an inappropriate data about his wife’s betrayal. Iago astutely raises Othello’s imperfection in Act 3 Scene 3, cautioning him to be careful with desire, as he tricks him about Cassio and Desdemona’s undertaking, while at the same time endeavoring to play with his psyche, â€Å"O be careful, my master, or envy: It is the green-looked at beast which doth mock The meat it benefits from. Toward the start of the play, when Shakespeare presents Othello as a high-status, honorable man, who is infatuated with his better half Desdemona, the lowlife is quickly brought out, revealing the heroes lethal imperfection of naivety. Iago takes Othello’s blemish furthering his potential benef it, deluding him into accepting that his significant other and his lieutenant are taking part in an extramarital entanglements. To Iago’s karma, Othello sees Iago as a legitimate man who he confides in without a doubt, demonstrating sensational incongruity in the lines, â€Å"Iago is most honest† and â€Å"A man he is of genuineness and trust†. Shakespeare’s utilization of emotional incongruity makes an association between the characters in the play and the crowd. Othello’s gullible and believing nature permits him to think everything without exception Iago lets him know, notwithstanding of his absence of physical proof, which end up being a destructive mix-up. Othello’s naïveté likewise brings about the adjustment in his marriage. As Othello begins to trust Iago’s lies, the connection among Othello and Desdemona changed from conscious and minding to harsh and deigning. Othello before long loses all regard for Desdemona and even alludes to her as a prostitute, for having an unsanctioned romance with Cassio while she is hitched. Othello’s blemishes of naïveté and desire joined brought about his destruction. Another deadly blemish Othello had was confiding in individuals without any problem. Othello confided in Iago effectively not long after they met. In spite of the fact that Iago can't be accused for Othello’s defects, he was as yet liable for planting the seeds in Othello’s mind. Othello likewise committed an error of permitting Iago to play with his psyche, planting numerous allegations of his Desdemona and Cassio. Othello love Desdemona, and she constantly adored him. But since of his desire and guilelessness his discourse is compared and his affection slaughtered. After Othello killed Desdemona for selling out his adoration, he understands his deceitful indictments of Desdemona and Cassio lastly understands the genuine miscreant to be Iago and murders himself. In Othello’s last discourse in the play, he discusses the double-crossing, regret and of his lost love. Othello can be viewed as a grievous legend, as his defects are the reason for his passing. His deadly imperfections of guilelessness, desire and effectively believing individuals can be viewed as the reason for his passing and others around him. He perceives his imperfections at long last; anyway it is past the point where it is possible to bring back his better half, whom he had prior murdered. Iago takes Othello’s blemishes furthering his potential benefit, playing with Othello’s mind, planting falsehoods and allegations about Desdemona and Cassio. Iago can be viewed as the lowlife as he couldn't care less about the lives of any other person he has destroyed, rather just minding to accomplish his own finishes, by doing whatever fundamental. Aristotles meaning of a terrible legend can be contrasted and the life of Othello, along these lines making him a really grievous saint.

Fool Price

Fool Price I had to purchase a new pair of bluejeans recently. They are the only jeans I own. My previous pair, tattered after two years of literal wear and tear, were beyond repair. Soon the boots I’ve worn since age 29, now sole-less and scuffed from twelve seasons of use, must be replaced. I’ll purchase a new pair this week. The bluejeans were $100, the boots $300. Full Price, both of them. I avoid Sale Price whenever I can, and opt instead to pay Full Price: even though I don’t earn a lot of money, I tend to purchase higher quality itemsâ€"not for their brand names, but because I’m willing to pay more for things that look good, work well, and last long. Because I’m responsible with money, the higher priced, higher quality items actually cost less over timeâ€"I use them till they’re finished: I wore my jeans roughly 700 times, my boots 1,000; therefore, I paid only 14 ¢ each time I pulled on my pants, 30 ¢ each time I stepped into my shoes. The reason I avoid Sale Price, though, has less to do with quality or money, and more to do with my impulses. I prefer to pay Full Price because it forces me to question the purchase: when I discover something I want to buy, I must think it over and spend time budgeting for itâ€"all the while questioning if the new possession will add real value to my life. Conversely, Sale Price is the compulsory priceâ€"a fool’s price. Not long ago, I played the fool. Repeatedly. I fell for all the tropes of Sale Price: Act now! Limited time only! While supplies last! Like Pavlov’s bell, these clever stratagems incite a false sense of scarcity that clouds our perception of reality, and thus prod us to act on impulse: you might save 70% off the clearance-rack dress you sort of like, but you’ll save 100% if you just leave the store without it. When I pay Full Price my purchase is deliberate. But even if the jeans or boots are less expensive, I’ll still purchase themâ€"if I need  them, not because they’re on sale. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Should Gay Marriage Be Legal Essay - 911 Words

Should gay marriage be legal? Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to the sex of its object or the person who experiences it. The first reason why same sex marriage should be legal is because it is fair for all individuals to have the same rights in society. With the end of sodomy laws, a recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, conservatives have lost their last excuse to write off gay lives and love†¦show more content†¦Gay marriage will not increase the number of homosexuals, but it will increase levels of happiness among existing homosexuals. In addition gays and lesbians marriage should be legal because it is just a way of the State recognize these common unions now days. It happens independent of the law and the religious topic involved, and if the government can not be left out of same sex marriage issue, the better thing that should be done was legalize it. The Vatican says homosexual acts do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity . Actually the real reason the Vatican opposes gay marriage is that its goal is to press the governments to contain the phenomenon of homosexual sex. But it is a vague argument since homosexuals, as straight people, almost always choose someone whose difference from themselves makes them admirable, exciting or interesting in some way. So, affective complementarity applies just as well to gay marriage. The fourth reason why the gay marriage should be legal is because it does not infer polygamy. Gay marriage makes sense because it meets an essential need for the individuals involved and it also benefits society. Poligamy, by contrast, does neither. Some people affirm that if they take the step of allowing gay marriages they will slide down a slippery slope to polygamy. But, there is no obvious principle supporting gayShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesR ead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Most Noticeable Complex Processes Essay Topics

Most Noticeable Complex Processes Essay Topics Type of Complex Processes Essay Topics Ensure you make a comprehensive interpretation of each process in the most fascinating way so to capture the interest of your reader. In the majority of cases, you will need to produce a topic that will enable other people to understand your standpoint, and telling them to feel that what you write is true. When you pick the right topic you shall allow it to be attractive to the reader. An intriguing topic can be quite so difficult that you might not compose a single word, even when you are craving to achieve that. Who Else Wants to Learn About Complex Processes Essay Topics? Therefore, process analyses can be quite detailed and at times quite long. In most instances, a process essay will need you to proceed through the task yourself. Make sure you recognize the assignment properly. Otherwise, you were probably describing a process which is too easy. Before you begin, it's vital to choose topics that you truly know well. The essay topics are categorized in various groups only for the ease of readers. Occasionally, selecting a great argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. Most the topics utilized for writing process essays are associated with academics. Accordingly, in an essay, you must be sure that you're summarizing everything, not repeating it. There are different ways of writing an essay but the fundamental structure stays the same. Since you may see, writing a process essay is not quite as hard as you thought. The real leadership essay is simple to read and understand. Seek out the primary and secondary sources on the presented topics before you begin your very first draft. Controversial topics work nicely for speeches and essays, since they typically evoke strong opinions on either side. The Upside to Complex Processes Essay Topics It is probably that a man or woman may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. Your brain will gradually realize that public speaking isn't the threatening situation it has assumed. Why it's important to learn public speaking. The teacher isn't going to finish the assignment. You should also understand the numerous inputs and outputs of each process, and the way the output from 1 step is applicable in another step. If you take advantage of a question, utilize the problem-then-solution format. You will need to supply sample scenarios, along with other details to drive your point home. Provide the reader with some information concerning the length and intricacy of the process you're going t o discuss. Your writing will be a lot easier in case you stick to the outline you created before. A methodical strategy is necessary to compose a process essay. Opt for a process which you want to explore in detail in order to provide you with and your readers a deeper comprehension of all of the steps that are involved. A classification essay may be good source of self-reflection. Whatever the case, it's much better to fulfill your vocabulary by looking for its meaning and revealing new knowledge in another kind of academic writing definition essay. It is possible to fill in details and modify the sentence structure after you're clear of what you want to say. Therefore, you will need a person who understands both the Spanish language and the many citation and formatting guidelines to aid you. The best speakers know that one of the simplest approaches to relax is to learn to breathe properly. The process essays are usually written for companies or people who need tutorials. Such essays shall have a good deal of quotations, based just on facts and laws, and show no more than the true picture of the circumstance. You just have to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in an assortment of fields.

All About Dyes Free Essays

string(44) " are applied or on their chemical contents\." No one really knows how or when people first learned that colors could be taken from natural materials to be transferred onto stone, wood, clay, skin, or cloth. Many early discoveries were probably accidental: a section of cloth stained brown by someone sitting on iron-rich soil; a cook’s hands absorbed color from food during preparation. An interest for color is next to human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on All About Dyes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Color perceives life, things, moods and movements as well as taste. Can you imagine a world devoid of color? Certainly not. For example, an art aficionado cannot properly appreciate Michelangelo’s painting of â€Å"The Last Supper† if it lacks color because color depicts the theme of that painting. Mercifully, necessity always comes into play for as they say, â€Å"necessity is the mother of all inventions†. Man’s necessity drove him to be resourceful and make things out of nothing either by accident or sheer force of nature, to fulfill his needs and improve the lives of others. The discovery of coloring materials such as dyes were the by-products of a man’s never-ceasing thinking cap, signaling a domino effect to the invention of synthetic dyes—dyes produced from chemical infusions. This paper will discuss the common information one has to learn in order to know the benefits people gain from using dyes and to use it with concern on its effects on the environment and on the user itself. The process of tie-dyeing, a method common in many societies and in the fashion industry, will also be discussed as a form of craft and an alternative to the different fashion trends being followed today. Origin and History A dye is a substance capable of coloring materials such as textiles, paper or plastics and is generally applied in a solution or dispersion. Dyes, as said are usually of natural origin but nowadays are all synthetically made. Various discoveries were made by leading chemists such as Peter Woulfe, Michael Faraday and Sir William Henry Perkin as the years progressed. Earliest records of using dyestuffs dates’ way back 2600 B. C. in China. As no chemical-producing colors were yet to be invented, colors were derived by natural means. Natural dyes such as quercitron, a black oak’s bark yields a yellow dye, and cudbear, a red or purple dye obtained from lichens used as a colorant in pharmaceutical preparations were some early sources. Cudbear is another natural dye patented by its discoverer Dr. Cuthbert Gordon. From dated artifacts and early manuscripts we know that long before the Christian era many civilizations in various parts of the world were using dyes and pigments for many purposes. All dyes available to men from antiquity came from natural sources. Most of these were vegetable extracts and a few were from animal products a popular example of which was the Tyrian purple dye derived from a Mediterranean mollusk murex, utilized for the emperor’s robes and tunic (http://www. dyesonline. net). Hence, the colors produced from these sources were scarce and limited. The middle Ages and early years of the Renaissance saw the dye industry spread from the eastern Mediterranean toward the west and northward into Europe. It is said that there were some 200 dye enterprises in Jerusalem during the 12th century. In 1160 A. D, Jewish dyers gained influence westward and took control of most of the Italian dye industry. Florence, Italy in the 14th century was famous for their dye works. As the Renaissance progressed and Europe began importing indigo and other dyes, controversy arose concerning the handling and control of foreign dyestuffs (http://www. herbsociety-stu. org/Dyeing. htm). Dyes were also a part of the ancient Egyptian civilization. Proofs were unearthed Egyptian mummies wrapped a cloth dyed red, probably from the juice of the madder plant. Even Alexander the Great of Macedonia fooled his adversaries by sprinkling red dye on his army to deceive that they were mortally wounded. Based on legend, dyes were a part of a Roman civilization. The demi-god Hercules discovered Tyrian purple, when his dog bit a snail which stained his jaw purple. It can be explained why most of the kings and queen’s robes were usually purple. The color indigo is found in many antique quilts, both in cloth dyed by traditional methods of vat dyeing, and fabric that has been synthetically-dyed. In Malaysia and Indonesia, a method called Batik dyeing was used in ancient times. It employs wax treatment to the cloth beforehand to produced unusual designs and patterns to the cloth. From natural dyes came the discovery of producing synthetic dyes that can be used easily and can adopt well when applied into different kind s of surfaces and fabrics. The British chemist, Peter Woulfe, treated the natural dye indigo with nitric acid to create picric acid. Though able to stain various materials yellow, it was not used for this purpose until the late 1840’s (http://www. micro. magnet. fsu. du/micro/gallery. html). The birth synthetic dyes started with the discovery of Scottish chemist, Sir William Henry Perkin of â€Å"mauve or mauveine†, a pale purple dye obtained from crude aniline, and the first synthetic dye to be manufactured and used. This breakthrough opened the possibilities of creating a variety of dyes through the synthesis of materials. The emergence of synthe tic dye industries phased out the previously used natural dyes among manufacturers. Composition Chief compositions of dyes are substances synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene and naphthalene. Traditionally, hydrocarbons were derived from a raw material called coal tar. Coal tar is a thick black liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal in coke oven or retort to give such important products such as benzene, discovered by Michael Faraday, phenol, naphthalene and creosote. As the name suggests, hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only (Sakheim and Lehman, p. 248). Sources of hydrocarbons are petroleum and natural gas. Classification Dyes are classified in several ways. They may be classified to the fiber or materials to which they are applied or on their chemical contents. You read "All About Dyes" in category "Papers" Types of dyes include direct or substantive dyes, which can color fabrics with the aid of an affixing agent called mordant; disperse dyes, which are generally used to dye nylon and other hydrophobic fibers, the fiber-reactive dyes, mordant dyes and vat dyes (Abrahart, p. 7). Vat dyes such as indigo are commonly used for cotton and other cellulosic fibers. Direct dyes are cheaper in usage because it can be applied by just simply dipping the fabric in the solution. Fixation rate or the rate of how fast a dye stains a material may depend on the pressure, heat and the ability of the substance to permeate the given material. Other types include Azo dyes. It is the largest group of dyes. All types of azo dyes amount to over one thousand and are commercially the most important class of synthetic coloring (http://www. dyesonline. net). Forms Forms of dyes include powder, granules, pastes, liquids, pellets and chips to suit different kinds of surfaces and fabric textures and also for flexibility in application. Liquid and powder dyes are generally for fabrics. Forms of dyes are alternated to best adopt to heat, weather conditions, ultra-violet rays and also in reinforcing fiber, free from heavy metals. Methods The process of dyeing may be done depending on the specific dye to be used as well as the material on which it will be applied. Silk, wool and some other textiles may, for instance, be directly applied by simply dipping them into the colorant (http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/micro/gallery/dyes. html). In the Philippines, the method of dyeing involves dissolving the powdered dye into boiling water. The t-shirt to be dyed beforehand is tied with rubber bands on desired area of the shirts to create circular designs or prints. Other method involves the use of vats and the affixing agent mordant for better color cohesiveness. Uses Anything can be tie dyed – T-shirts, jeans, sheets, pillowcases, fabric, scarves, and sportswear. From acting as colorants in plastics as well as in the field of biotechnology, Dyes were commercially used in the textile industry for variations in fabric colors such as in t-shirts, handkerchief, draperies and other fabrics. The world of art has never been the same again since the emergence of different color variations from acrylic supplies. The first acrylic-based color was Prussian blue. In the field of cosmetics, hair dyes were invented. The first hair coloring was sold in 1907 in France. In 1956, Miss Clairol became the first in-home hair dye that was also used as a shampoo (Buckley, p. 72). Photography also benefited from the invention of dyes. Men like Eastman-Kodak, Daguerre and Niecephore made used of dyes in their attempt to improve photography by putting in colored forms (Rigg and Stone, p. 8). Dyes are also used as a colorant for food and drinks. Carbonated drinks, junk foods and preserved foods make use of dyes to stimulate appetite among its patrons. Other dye applications includes paper and pulp products, adhesives, art supplies, beverages, ceramics, construction materials, glass, paints, polymers, soaps and in the industry of inking and tinting. Modern technology made money and investment s in this industry. Without dyes, we never would have colored printed documents from the computer. In fashion, dyed shawls became a part of a person’s accessory. Beautiful sarongs and malongs with varying styles and designs can be seen almost everywhere on the beach. Men and women alike cannot resist showing off their fashion statements, whether in or out of the sun. Dyes are an integral part of Microbiology. Dyes are used to make microorganisms distinctly visible and or to differentiate them. Crystal violet (C-8650) and safranine (S-0700) are the two dyes that are used in Gram’s stain, a technique of staining to classify bacteria respectively. In it, a bacterial specimen is stained with crystal violet, afterwards it is treated with iodine solution, decolorized with alcohol and lastly again counter-stained with safranine. It has been found out that Gram-positive bacteria is able to retain the violet stain, while Gram-negative cannot (http://dyespigments,com/applications. html). Tie-Dyeing Tie-dyeing method is common to hand-loom weavers of the ancient times and became popular in the revival of craft in the 1960’s. It is used to decorate curtains and table cloths but is now been utilized to create artistic designs on casual clothes. Since then tie-dyed clothes and cloths are now a common feature in craft fairs. Even though tie-dyeing is truly an art, the process can involve ordinary people and engage them in relatively easy methods on designing their clothes. First, the materials to be used must be prepared. Home tie-dyeing do not require any chemicals of some sort thus removing the risks of hazardous exposures. Materials include cotton t-shirt, dye in various colors, rubber gloves, rubber bands, salt, mixing containers, and water. The rubber gloves do not only prevent the person to color his or her own hands with dye but also prevents harmful dusts common in dye powders. Mixing containers are used in mixing dyes to have different colors and also used for dipping the clothes. The rubber bands will be used to tie the shirts. Other safety instruments like a face mask should be used. The next step is to tie portions of the shirt. Different techniques in tying can create different patterns and designs. Basically, the areas tied by the rubber bands become the border of colors. Through random or patterned ties, horizontal pleats create vertical stripes and vice versa, one can create designs using the rubber bands. However, one should make sure that the ties are tight to prevent the dye from penetrating and coloring the entire cloth. Using the instructions provided by the manufacturer, mix the dyes accordingly in separate containers. Some powder dyes generally require to be mixed in boiling or hot water in order to dissolve. Do so carefully. One may also combine colors to create other desired but unavailable ones. After it is mixed add a few teaspoons of salt to the mixture. The salt can help set the pigment of the dye. Using rubber gloves, swirl the tied shirt in the dye mixture, immersing different areas in different dye colors. Leave the areas soaked for about an hour for it to fully absorb the colors. After soaking let th shirts sit and dry for about 3-4 hours. After drying rinse it with water and remove the rubber bands. Tie-dyeing is usually constituted with trial and error. The maker cannot really see the designs made by his or her ties. However one should always make sure that the ties are tight. Also, proper working clothes should also be worn. Old clothes are suggested and rubber gloves are required. Lastly, always protect work areas with old newspapers and other protective materials to prevent it from being colored. Environmental Issues and Health Hazards For one thing, dyes are toxic. As synthetic dye industries began to flourish with time, certainly, there is need to produce dyes in large quantities and efficiencies. And since dyes are chemically synthesized, environmental hazards were encountered by dye manufacturers and textile companies. In the research, Health Hazards in the Dye Industry, A. K. Smith, M. D. hazards concerning chemical compounds threaten workers in crowded dye industries of severe diseases. Smith saw the mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids used to nitrate benzine or toluene components as very dangerous to workers exposed on such mixed acids. Nitrous fumes also causes severe respiratory conditions together with atomized acids including nitric peroxide which can be inhaled by workers in the industry. Hair products like hair dyes in cosmetics are said to be harmful to the scalp when a person changes his hair color frequently. Chemicals like AZO in dyes can easily penetrate the scalp and may cause itchiness, allergies and irritation, even cancer as recent studies shows. In the world today, we are exposed to many agents, some of them naturally occurring and some of them man-made, that either cause direct genetic damage or therefore might be able to produce cancers, or which alter our hormone levels which might encourage cancerous cells to grow. Powder dye in particular can cause adverse health effects like asthma, eczema, and severe allergic reactions on people exposed to its dust. The handling of powder dye and its transfer from large to small containers releases dust which may be inhaled or may stick on a worker’s skin. This exposure to dust are also perceived to be a source of cancer due to its potent occupational carnocinogen (Wallace). From the invention of the first synthetic organic dyes in mid 19th century till late sixties, textile world was oblivious of the hazardous effects of textile dyes on humans, living species and environment in general. Also, then came the findings of the various Research Institutes of Europe who were engaged in the field of Textile research, that some of these dyes are potentially carcinogenic. The manufacturing of Eco-labeled dyes are now being promoted to increase awareness on the adverse effects of using dyes on human health and on the environment. Though many new policies are making it hard for the dye industry to survive, these new regulations are necessary for human and environmental welfare. â€Å"The extensive use of dyes often poses pollution problems in the form of colored wastewater discharge into environmental water bodies,† said by R. Kaur, TPS Walia, and Sumanjit in a research presented in the Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. A lot of cases throughout the whole world are reported about the roles of dyes in connection with variety of skin, lung, and other respiratory disorders. † They also added that the chemicals in dyeing processes causes variations in wastewater chracteristics like pH, color, and chemical oxygen demand. These changes in characteristics prevents typical wastewater treatment facilities and procedures from handling con taminated waters effectively. In 2006, the Yellow River in China has been reported to have turned red caused by the discharge of dyed water in the river (AP, 2006). China is known to be a major user of dyes even in the ancient past and is still using it in large quantities. The accident turned a half-mile section of the river into bright red due to spill and then feared to have some toxic effects on the people around the area. It would take some time in chemistry to produce products that are environment-friendly. People should do their share in making this world a healthy place to live in. Conclusion Certainly colors are everywhere. People can find it even in the most unexpected materials. Dyeing has been used for thousands of years already starting with soil and certain leaves as sources of colors. Now certain chemicals can be used to create artificial colors in decorating cloths for various uses. Dyes are also being utilized in fashion, through hair coloring and clothings. Various forms, powder, liquid, or chips are made to fit in every methods. Regardless of its many uses, careful application should be maintained in order not only to protect ourselves from its hazardous implications but also to prevent our environment from deteriorating due to wastes. Still, one can never erase the diverse benefits people have from using dyes, simply on its adding of color in their life. How to cite All About Dyes, Papers

Modernization and Democracy of Spain an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Modernization and Democracy of Spain by Expert Suzzane | 23 Dec 2016 Francisco Franco in his reign as the head of the state marked the period of long dictatorship since the end of the civil war in 1939 until his death in 1975. Franco's success in overthrowing the Republican was believed to have paved the way for the World War II. After the war, Spain had undergone the seemingly repressive and violent era in the hands of Franco for roughly four decades. Need essay sample on "Modernization and Democracy of Spain" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed After Franco's death, his successor thought of taking necessary measures to resolve the traumatic impact of dictatorship in the life of the people and country. Wildman noted Spanish Prime Minister Zapatero's attempt to bring back the democracy in Spain by officially, morally, and financially acknowledging the victims and heroes of the civil war (par. 1). This is an attempt that drew debate among themselves since the populace from different parties decided to forget the past through an agreement called the pact of forgetting, since reliving the memory of the civil war and reign of dictatorship would only lay the groundwork for more fighting, according to PP leader Mariano Rajoy (Wildman). People Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Professional writers recommend: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ How Modernization is Achieved The post-Franco Spain is believed to be the third wave of democratization after its successive bloody civil wars in the past. Modernization has come to Spain along with democratic revolution despite the country's lack of significant democratic roots (Encarnacion, p. 35). Democracy in Spain was largely attributed to Franco's successor King Juan Carlos who was a personal choice of Franco. He set the ground for democratization in Spain by appointing key leaders who would assume the role political crafting of the country. This has been followed by the election in 1977 that inaugurated the democratic rule in Spain (Encarnacion, p. 39). Although, communism was very strong in Spain, democracy was truly in the hearts of the people. This has been evident by the victory of a Socialist Felipe Gonzales as the Prime Minister in 1982; his leadership is credited with consolidating democracy (Encarnacion, p. 37). Encarnacion accounted that the most important consolidation of democracy was the observance of law wherein, the standard of true democracy was the civil and political freedom (p. 37). Political reform resulted to economic revolution in Spain after several years in downturn and deep economic crisis. In 1984, the hallmarks of neo-liberal economic reform arrived in Spain when the state began to sell its state-owned companies to private inpiduals and institutions. This also led to a more organized labor groups and government's effort to sustain the working class that was greatly affected by the economic crisis. These government programs revitalized the Spanish society in general. The Importance of Tourism Industry in the Development of the Country Tourism in Spain became popular in 1990s. Due to the growing numbers of foreign tourists, Spain is now considered number two as world's destination reported having sixty million foreign tourists in 2007. Tourism therefore is income-generating in Spain. In a report released by Informative National Statistics Institute, the contribution of tourism in the economy in 1999 alone was sixty eight million euros, about 12.1% increase in GDP (p. 1). This success in the tourism industry also resulted to a much significant growth in economy. According to Cifra (NSI), tourism has impacts both in production and employment performance of the country. Initially, it affects directly the companies that supply goods and services to visitors, while the result of activity generated in other companies also helped in accumulating income. About sixty percent of accommodation services and food and beverage serving services comprise the total spending of the tourists. The said report presented also its impact in the total employment having about 6.2 and 10.1 percent of increase in the employment in the country. Emigration and Migration in Spain Another remarkable event that took place in Spain is its migration reports. Perez noted the six million emigrants who worked as temporary workers in Americas particularly in Galicia, Asturias, and Canary Islands during the period 1850 to 1950. Northern Africa, Northern Europe and Algeria were among the chosen destination of Spaniards. According to Perez, some of the factors that relate to migration was economic reason. Although migration was a constant pace, yet, this began to end from 1974 recording the latest annual departures of 2,000 only. Perez accounted some of the factors in the decrease of Spaniards leaving for abroad to becoming a receiving country for foreign laborers from Northern Africa and Latin America, as well as retirees from European countries. Perez explained that the onset of migration to Spain was attributed to regional phenomenon that took place in 1980s. During this period, Mediterranean countries including Spain became the receiving rooms of employment opportunities; Germany, Switzerland, and France has ended its traditional receiving countries; the poor performance of the labor markets in the sending countries; and, the admission of Portugal, Spain and Greece into the European Community. The Role of Spain in the Western Civilization Today Spain is now recognized as significant factor in international economic relations. In a report released by New York Times, Spain is now the world's eighth most powerful economy; being the top investor in Latin America, the eighth in foreign investments worldwide, the tenth most popular destination for investment, and Spanish companies become world leaders in entrepreneurship. The rapid growth in the economy is attributed to the people's determination to embrace democracy as well as to its participation as member of European Community. Spain as a world power is invigorated through its political alliance with the United States, which was exemplified by the historical closeness of the two. The treaties and agreements they had both signed about centuries ago intensified by common principles on international issue have strengthened that relationship. Nowadays, both countries according to report made by The New York Times, have agreed to carry on variety of concerns such as education, employment, scientific cooperation, space, and defense. Truly, Spain has won international respect that made it play a significant role on issues affecting many global concerns. Garrigues Walker in his statements stated that, Spain already has its foot in the door (New York Times). In 1992, Spain today foresaw a better relationship with Latin America as they celebrated the 500th year of the discovery of the new world. The people here wanted to respond to the siren call of shared language and cultural values with Latin Americans (James, p.3). Along with the commemoration, the country designed a legal framework that could unite them culturally, economically, and politically. In a paper presented at the 2001 LASA Convention in Washington D.C., Pablo Toral presented the large investment the Spanish companies had in Latin America beginning 1990s. Most of these companies that facilitated investments were from three sectors: banking, telecommunication, and energy (p. 1). Toral emphasized that Spains investments in Latin America was not only based on microeconomics calculations but also on political and macroeconomic aspects (p. 17). Work Cited James, Barry (January 8, 1992). Searching for a Role, Spain Shies from EC and Reaches Out to Latin America. International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/1992/01/08/spai_1.php Omar G. Encarnacio. Spain After Franco: Lessons in Democratization. World Policy Journal. Winter 2001/02. http://www.worldpolicy.org/journal/articles/wpj01-4/Encarnacion.pdf Perez, Nieves Ortega (February 2003). Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy. Migration Information Source. http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=97 Spain Flexes New Economic Muscle. New York Times. 2003. Date Retrieved: April 1, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/global/spain/two.html The Economic Impact of Tourism. Cifre Ine. 2/22. http://www.ine.es/en/revistas/cifraine/cifrasine_satelit_en.pdf Toral, Pablo (2001) Spanish Investment in Latin America. Florida International University. http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/Lasa2001/ToralPablo.pdf U.S.-Spain Relations Better than Ever. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/global/spain/three.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1190431726-OKondmphTaoqMJ4ezwd58w Wildman, Sarah. The Longest Shadow. Newsweek. October 15, 2007. http://www.newsweek.com/id/42490

Money as a form of motivation in the work place

Money as a form of motivation in the work place Motivation is described as the forces that account for the stimulation, assortment, course and continuance of behavior[1]. This then means that quite a number of things can motivate people as motivation is goal oriented behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money as a form of motivation in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People tend to do things for the rewards they will receive at the end of the task or at the end of a period of time. Money, at the work place is one of the things that get people to work harder. This then shows that money can and is used as a motivational factor in the work place so that employees can strive to give their best and their all at the end of the day. Nowadays, people tend to look at how much they are going to get paid rather than job satisfaction, hence in this light money becomes a motivational force for the workplace and for the employees. In short, money makes peop le wake up in the morning to go to work, sit behind a desk for eight or more hours and go back home tired at the end of the day ready to repeat the whole process again the following day. When workers are money motivated, they will carry out their duties effectively, efficiently and thoroughly so that they can make as much money as possible in the shortest time possible. According to management study guide, Motivation is very important in an organization as it improves the level of efficiency of employees which in turn leads to an increase in productivity, reducing the cost of operations and improving overall efficiency. Motivation in the work place also leads to achievement of organizational goals. Organizational goals are achieved when co-ordination and cooperation take place at the same time which can effectively be achieved through money motivation[2]. Motivation plays a big role when it comes to survival of organizations. If the way to fully motivate employees is to offer them m oney then organizations will offer their employees money so as to motivate them fully in their work therefore improving the organization as a whole. Employers need to also appreciate what inspires employees within the environment of their work and the responsibility that they perform.[3] There are theories of motivation of employees that are linked to money in one way or another. Different researchers came up with different theories explaining the needs of workers:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory (1983), â€Å"Employees have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, social, ego and self-actualizing. Physiological needs are important as they sustain human life and one cannot survive without them. They are; food, water, warmth, shelter, sleep, medicine and education. Safety needs are the needs to be free of physical danger, fear of losing a job, property, and protection against emotional harm. Social needs include the need to belong and acceptance from others not forgetting the need for affection and friendship. Ego/esteem needs include satisfaction of power, prestige status and self confidence while self actualization is the drive to become â€Å"what one is capable of becoming, it includes growth, achieving one’s potential and self fulfillment†[4]. (Maslow 1943) Maslow insisted that for one to move on successfully to the next level, the wishes at the lower level have to be completely achieved and fulfilled so as to be motivated by the higher needs level. In simple terms, for example, one would not be motivated by social status before he has achieved security or one would not be motivated by safety before he can afford the basic needs, food, shelter, clothing, education, medication, water and sleep. This shows that individuals have to work hard to get enough money so as to satisfy their needs and the needs of their dependants fully. In such a scenario, an employee would be motivated by the money he receives at the end of the work period as then would the employee be able to fulfill his needs therefore proving Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory. According to Shah, and Professor Shah; and Vroom in reference to Vroom’s Valence x Expectancy theory: employee effort will lead to performance which will lead to rewards. The theory focuses on three things: efforts and performance relationship, performance and reward relationship, rewards and personal goal relationship[5]. The theory states that the force of inclination to behave in a certain way depends on the strength of anticipation that the act will be followed by a specific result and on the allure of that result to the individual. In simple terms, valence x expectancy theory states that an employee can be motivated to work harder when their belief is that hard work will result in awarene ss of individual targets in form of some prize; the prize in this case being money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money as a form of motivation in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rewards can either be positive or negative, the more positive the reward the higher the level of motivation of the employee goes, while the more negative the reward, the less the level of motivation for the employee. In this sense money is seen as the positive reward, encouraging the employee to work harder and more effectively as the results of the employee’s hard work are positive, generating money for the employee, while loss of income is looked as the negative reward. Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory states that certain aspects in the work place result in job satisfaction but when these aspects are abolished they lead to dissatisfaction.[6] In his theory Herzberg states that intrinsic factors are re lated to job satisfaction, while extrinsic aspects are related to dissatisfaction. He based this theory on the question: â€Å"what do people want from their Jobs? he carried out a research and concluded that removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying.† He claims that certain aspects when present in the work place make employees more motivated to work but when these aspects are absent, there is less motivation in the work place. In this scenario money bonuses can be seen as the aspect that brings more motivation to the work place and when there is absence of money there is less motivation amongst the employees. For example, if employees are told they will be paid extra money to come to work during public holidays and weekends, majority of the employees will show up as they are expecting a bonus which is in form of a sum of money at the end of the day. In this way money acts as a motivator to the employees who would give up t heir weekends and holidays with the aim of receiving a certain amount of money. Herzberg pointed out that there are two types of peoples needs: hygiene factors create dissatisfaction when they are missing and create satisfaction when they are there , employees often tend to take existence of these factors for granted for example; salary, working conditions, or job security. Motivators; contribute to satisfaction for example recognition in the work place, promotion, responsibility just to mention but a few. To achieve high motivation and employee output, motivation and hygiene factors must be used together[7]. In reference to Jeremy Bentham’s the carrot and stick approach, individuals are driven by their own self-interest and they are motivated by the desire to avoid pain at all costs and achieve maximum pleasure at the lowest possible cost. â€Å"An employee will work only if the reward is attractive and big enough or if the punishment is sufficiently horrible.†Adverti sing Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The carrot in this theory refers to the rewards while the stick refers to the punishment, in simpler terms employers use the system of rewards and punishment to induce certain behavior traits in their employees. In majority of motivational theories, some kind of ‘carrot’ are recognized and awarded to individuals in this case money, or some form of financial bonuses like a paid vacation, a company car that one does not have to fuel are used as motivational aspects for employees to keep working hard so that they can enjoy the financial rewards at the end of the day. The issue with the carrot approach is that more often than not, individuals get the reward, in spite of their performance levels. The stick on the other hand refers to the punishments accorded to individuals who do not perform their duties well. In the form of fear; fear of loss of job, loss of income, reduction of a bonus, demotion or some other form of consequence has, is, and will still continue being an ef fective way of motivation among employees. The thought of loosing ones job and not having a steady income creates fear in the employees who work hard to keep their jobs and secure their income. The stick approach results in poor quality work, defensive behavior from the employees and it is not the best way to use when it comes to motivation of employees. Through the stick approach employees tend to fear and work because they have no other choice and they want to keep their jobs and get income at the end of the day. In using the carrot and stick approach to influence motivation among employees one ought to be careful so that the rewards, money and the penalties that is, loss of employment balance out. In this way an employer will have a peaceful working environment for his employees and himself. Money offers and financial bonuses should be attractive enough and sufficient enough for the employee needs so that they can work hard not only for their benefit but for the benefit of the em ployer and organization at large[8]. According to B.F. Skinner he uses the term operant conditioning to illustrate the effects of the outcomes of a specific character trait on the future repetition of the particular behavior. â€Å"There are four kinds of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Positive and negative reinforcement fortify behavior while on the other hand punishment and extinction deteriorate behavior.† Positive reinforcement encourages behavior in that it offers rewards after certain good behaviors are observed for example; if your work is outstanding one gets an extra bonus and perhaps a promotion. Negative reinforcement on removes a stress factor as a result of good behavior. For example, economic sanctions being lifted from a country due to an improvement on their corruption levels. Extinction refers to getting no reward for something one has done. For example: if one is not getting paid for overtime, they stop working over time. Punishment is where one has to pay for their behaviors, for example; not getting paid the day one comes into work late[9]. In this case of operant conditioning money can be seen as positive and negative reinforcement. This means that the rewards an employee gets for working hard are in form of money either a bonus, or an increase in salary the more the money, the higher the level of motivation among employees . Punishment and extinction in this case can be looked at as loss of work, loss of a steady income and this will lower motivation levels among the employees. People have witnessed workers striking around the world due to payment issues that have arisen from delayed wages, salary arrears, more taxes, or minimum wages. Employee strikes have become a common site mostly due to the financial situations. When employees refuse to work and strike or go on a go, retirements benefits corporate offer this attractive package to employees increasing their motiv ation in their work. Bibliography An, ‘Theories of motivation’, Analytictech , 2003, Retrieved from analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm An, ‘Importance of motivation’, Management study guide, 2001, Retrieved from managementsudyguide.com/importance_of_motivation.htm Bentham, J., Jeremy Bentham: Life, Influence and Perspectives on his thought, Routledge, New York, 1993. Biehler, R. Snowman, J., Psychology Applied to Teaching, 12th ed, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1997. Knights, D Willmott, H, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007. Maslow, A H, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. Shah. K Shah, J P, Vroom,V. H. work and motivation, Laynetworks, 2000, Retrieved from http://laynetworks.com/theories-of-motivation.html Ukwuoma, B, Muanya, C Olayinka C, ‘Health workers suspend strike, govt to pay 50% arrears’, 2000, Retrieved from http://news.onlinenigeria.c om/templates/?a=6107z=12 Vroom, V.H. Work and Motivation, Krieger Publishing Company, Manhattan,1982, pp. 48. ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist 2010, Retrieved from wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml Footnotes R Biehler J Snowman, Psychology Applied to Teaching, 12th ed. Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1997, 399. Management study guide: importance of motivation V h Vroom, Work and Motivation, Krieger Publishing Company, Manhattan, 1982, pp. 48. A Maslow, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. K Shah J Shah, Vroom,V. H. work and motivation, Laynetworks, 2000, Retrieved from http://laynetworks.com/theories-of-motivation.html D Knights H Willmott, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007, 83. D Knights H Willmott, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007, 104. J Bentham, Jeremy Bentham: Life, Influence and Perspectives on h is thought, Routledge, New York, 1993, 65. An, ‘Theories of motivation’, Analytictech.com, 2003, Retrieved from analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 16th July 2010, viewed on wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 16th July 2010, viewed on wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 2010, Retrieved from wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml A H Maslow, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 2010, Retrieved from wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml B Ukwuoma, C Muanya C Olayinka, ‘Health workers suspend strike, govt to pay 50% arrears’, 2000, Retrieved from http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templa tes/?a=6107z=12

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait You have several traits that are excellent for work; such as being hardworking, dedicated, loyal†¦ The list goes on and on. But have you ever wondered what your most dominate trait in work is? It’s so hard to just pick one that’s why this quiz is perfect for helping you decide.  Source [Playbuzz]

Classic and Non Classic Analysis in Likelife Essay - 7

Classic and Non Classic Analysis in Likelife - Essay Example Classic style is identified by a collection of techniques which are used by the writer rather than the attitude depicted towards writing (Thomas and Turner 8). ‘Likelife’ presents a mixture of classical and non classical forms of writing in literature as the writer uses these styles to explain the events that took place in the 2003 World Taxidermy Championship. It not only depicts the technique but the passion of the writer towards her topic of discussion. Thomas and Turner refer to this aspect as a concept used in classic style. Orlean Susan The uses classic style in ‘Likelife’ as she describes the culture portrayed in taxidermy events. This notion depicts the art of classic writing as the writer tends to know what she is scripting before the actual publication. She describes Taxidermy Championship as a culture that astonishes many people in the world. Susan presents the history of World Taxidermy Championship which portrays the concept of classic writing as it refers to classical events. The World Taxidermy Championship became popular in 1882. It was viewed as a culture of the Society of American Taxidermists. Â   Non classic style is reflected in Orlean’s writing where she presents the transformation of World Taxidermy Championship from being an ordinary cultural event to an economy generating sport (Thomas and Turner 8). This is due to its ability to raise much income annually. Taxidermy is estimated to raise 570million dollars annually. Economic reflection in literature is not a concept used in classic but modern writing as it depicts the influence of pop culture in literature. This form of transition from describing the sport as a traditional cultural practice to an economic event presents the difference between two eras thus depicting the art and role of non classic style as described by Thomas and Turner.

Comparison of African and Native American Responses to Europe Essay

Comparison of African and Native American Responses to Europe - Essay Example Through this paper, the writer will explore the similarity between the experiences of European colonialism, among the members of the two minority groups. For both the Native Americans and the black Americans, the phenomena of colonialism developed in a progressive way. For the Native Americans, the times before colonialism and during the early years of experience, they were often referred as noble savages. On their part, Native Americans described themselves in a similar manner, as the groups originating from the nations. Later on, the Indians were given more negative labels, including that they were heathens, wild, savages and those changed to modern labels like drunken Indians (Aguirre & Turner, 2009). In a similar manner, the experience of the Black Americans, their experience of colonialism also developed progressively. In their case, the people that later became the victims of colonialism started out as merchants, Arabic scholars, animal-tenders, arts people and peasants to the would-be colonizers. However, later on as their colonization progressed, they were viewed as niggers, uncivilized, childlike and to current labels, inclu ding criminals and rapists (Glaser, 2005). The experience of Native groups and blacks was similar in that, both groups suffered from the inhumane mistreatment projected by their colonizers. In the case of the Native Americans, the mistreatment experienced entailed the dispossession of their lands by their colonizers (Nash, 2014). In a similar, but different way, the blacks suffered from the mistreatment of their colonizers, which took the forms of forced labor and denial of their human rights. In similar ways, the mistreatment experienced by the Native and the black groups was practiced at both a personal level and also in institutionalized ways. In giving justifications and explanations about the mistreatment of the two groups, the colonizers relied on the idealized ideologies that were institutionalized using social

Strategic Management in Fashion Brand ODEL

Strategic Management in Fashion Brand ODEL I conduct this research work to give a clear picture of strategic management and as well the leading fashion brand ODEL. The corporate world is in the process of transformation technology and globalization. Strategic management takes a panoramic view of this changing corporate terrain and attempts to show how large and small firms can be more effective and efficient not only in todays world, but also in 2mro as well. And also this research will give the knowledge about the leading fashion brand ODEL. How did it create a fashion revolution in Srilanka? How does it lead in fashionable brand and understand the latest fashion from style runways in its contributions. Its success lies in implementing TASK 01 What is your understanding strategic management and discuss its phases? Analyse the contexts of corporate, business and functional level strategy. Initially strategic management was mostly use in large companies to operate multiple trades. Rising risk of error, costly faults and even economic ruin are causing todays perfect managers in all institution to take strategic management serious issue in order to remain their company competitive in a rising unstable environment. (Frery 2006) Different authors have described strategic management as followed: The strategic management is used to present to strategic formulation, implementation and evaluation with strategic planning referring only the strategy formulation (Pearce Robinson 2000) the intention of the strategic management is to develop and produce new and different opportunities for future. As Mr. Potter refers that, Strategy is the direction of an organization over the long term which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the fulfilling stakeholder expectations. This in turn led to organizational development activities as reorganizing, new definitions of roles, jobs and etc. (Potter 1996) And also it can be carried in the strategic management is that set of managerial decision and action that determines the long run performance of a corporation. It includes environment scanning (both external and internal).strategic formulation (strategic or long range planning), strategic implementation and evaluation and control. As this definition implies, strategic management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance, and production/ operations, research and development and computer information system to achieve organizational success. (Hoskisson, Hitt Wan 1999) The study of strategic management therefore emphasizes the monitoring and evaluating of external opportunities and threats in light of a corporations strengths and weaknesses. Strategic management as a field of study incorporates the integrative concerns of business policy with a heavier environmental and strategic emphasis. Therefore strategic management has tended to replace business policy as the preferred name of the field. (Hoskisson, Hitt Wan 1999) The strategic management is a core area for an organization in order to explore the problems which result in success or failure. Strategic management has been defined as that set of decisions and actions which lead to the development of an effective strategy or strategies to help achieve corporate objectives. (Luffman, Lea, Sanderson and Kenny 1996) Basic stages of strategic management: The strategic management process consists of four basic stages. Environmental scanning, Strategic formulation, strategic implementation, and evaluation and control; Environmental scanning:- Before an organization can begin strategy formulation, it must scan the environment to identify possible opportunities and threats and as well the strength and weaknesses. Environmental scanning is the monitoring, evaluating and disseminating of information from the internal and the external environments to key people within the organization. A organization use this method to avoid strategic surprise and to ensure its long term health. Research has found a positive relationship between environmental scanning and profit (Thomas, Clark Gioia 1993) Strategic formulation:- This is the expansion of the long range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats as well as the organization strength and weakness. It consist of defining the corporate mission, identify achievable objective, rising strategies the setting policies. Strategy formulation issue include deciding what new business to enter, what businesses to abandon, how to allocate resources, whether to expand operations or identify, whether to enter international markets, whether to merge or form a joint venture and how to avoid a hostile. Because, every organization has limited resources itself. So strategists ought to decide which alternative strategy will be benefit for the firm most. Top managers have the best perception of understanding effect of strategy formulation and they are the persons who have the authority to commit the resources necessary for implementation. (Hitt Michael 2006.) Strategic implementation:- Strategic implementation is the most difficult stage in strategic management. This process requires a firm to establish annual objectives, devise policies, motivate employees and allocate resources for the implementation of the formulated strategies. This is the process that converts the strategies and policies in to the action through the development of programs. Strategy implementation includes developing a strategy-supportive culture, creating an effective organizational structure, redirecting marketing efforts, plan the budgets, developing and utilizing information system and linking employee payment to organization performance. (Hitt Michael 2006.) Evaluation and control:- Strategic evaluation is the final stage in the strategic management. The purpose of this process is to evaluate the actual performance of an organization to do the comparison with the desire result. Because the strategic management processes were inappropriately used, operational managers must know about it. So that they can correct the employee activity. Evaluating and controlling is the major element of the strategic management to identify the weaknesses in previous executed strategic planes and thus stimulated the entire process to begin again. And all strategies are the subject to future modification because external and internal factors are continuously changing. Followings are the three fundamental strategy evaluation activities Reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies. Measuring performance. Talking corrective action. (Hitt Michael 2006.) Mission Objectives Strategies Policies Program Budgets Procedures Performance Structure: Chain of command Culture: Beliefs, expectation Values Resources: Assets, skills, Competencies, knowledge Internal Societal Environment General forces Task Environment Industry analysis Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Evaluation and Control Environmental Scanning External Reason for existence What results to accomplish by when Plan to achieve the mission objectives Broad guidelines for decision making Activities needed to accomplish a plan Cost of the programs Sequence of steps needed to do the job Actual results Figure 1.1 (Thomas, Wheelen Hunger 2006) Importance of strategy management: Today strategic management became a popular and importance in the business activity for various reasons. Strategy management allows an organization to be more proactive than reactive in shaping its own future. It let an organization to initiate and influence activities and thus to expect control over its own destiny. Ref: (www.planware.org/strategy.htm) Business has determined that this is the way to reach the success: As a successful business it may have a plan and a specific path in order to achieve the goal of the organization and reach the success. It allowed the business use to think in forward: A business must be very focus on the environment as well as the customers need and wants in order to stable its futuristic in the market. The forecasting is the way to get a positioning among the public and shinning as a unique. In this procedure it shows a company where they are at present and where they actually want to be and how they get pathway where they want to be. When the strategic management is implemented the stakeholders will get to know about the goal of an organization. It gives everyone a position, a position makes a different performance level, and it provides efficient approach to reservations and focus on workers. To develop appropriate strategy and put strategy into action. The phases of the strategic management: A firm generally evolves through the following four basic phases of strategic management Basic financial planning (phase. 1):- The project is based on the analysis very little proposed with the most information from the organization. The sales typically offer the small amount of environmental protection, information. Such simple operational planning is only pretending, strategic management, and it is quite time consuming. The time horizon is usually one year. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Forecast based planning (phase.2):- In addition to internal information, managers gather available data from environment to extrapolate the current trend of five years and future. This phase also time consuming. The process gets very political as managers compete for larger share and funds. The time horizon is usually three to five years. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Externally oriented planning (phase.3):- Top level management controls the planning process by the introduction of strategic planning. The company tries to increase its responsiveness to changing markets and competition through strategic thinking. Top management typically develops five-year plan with the help of consultants but input from lower levels. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Strategic management (phase.4):- The employees at many levels from various departments and works groups develop and integrate a serious of strategic plans aimed at achieving the companys primary objectives. The complicated annual five years plan is replaced with the help of all levels of the organization throughout the year. (Gluck, Kaufman Welleck 1982) Levels of strategic management: Strategy exists at a number of levels in an organization. They are, Corporate level strategy:- This is concerned about the overall scope of an organization and how value will be added to the different units of an organization. Corporate strategy tropically fit with the three main categories of stability, expansion and reduction of expenditure. (Ansoff 2002) According to Michael potter, a firm must formulate a business strategy that incorporates cost leadership, differentiation or focus in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage and long term success in its chosen areas or industries. (Potter 1993). Alternatively, according to Kim and Mauborgne, an organization can achieve high growth and profits by creating a blue ocean strategy that breaks the previous value cost trade off by simultaneously pursuing both differentiation and low cost. (Kim Mauborgne 2007) E.g.: Nicholas Piramal follower a corporative growth strategy in order to have more share formulation drugs In corporate strategy, Johnson, Scholes and Whittington present models in which strategic option are evaluated against three key success criteria, Suitability (would it work?) Feasibility (can it be made to work) Acceptability (will they work it) (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008) Business level strategy:- The second level is business level strategy which is about how various businesses included in the business strategy and compete in their particular markets. Because of this reason business strategy is called as competitive strategy. This typically concerns issues such as pricing strategy, innovation or differentiation instance by better quality. So where ever corporate level strategy involves decision about the overall organization as a whole, strategic decision related to particular strategic business unit within the overall organization. (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008) According to Potters statement The business strategy must be maintained continually, in line with changes in the business and its environment. It should be formally reviewed at least annually as part of the business planning round; it provides the context for progress reporting on strategic themes. (Potter 1993). The business strategy must always show progress against plans to date, to enable planners to determine the current business environment and the impact that specific change programs and projects will have on the organization as a whole. There must be accurate, timely information about: Major investments to date, the corporate risk register, For each major investment, the risks associated with it. (Potter 1996). Operational strategy:- The third level of strategy is at the operating end of an organization. This is an approach taken by the functional areas to achieve the corporate objectives and strategies by maximizing the resources productivity. It is concerned with increasing and nurturing a distinctive competence to provide a company or business unit with the competitive advantage. This strategy determines how and where a production or service is to be manufactures, the level of vertical integration in the production process and development of physical resources. It should deal with the optimum level of technology the firm should use in its operational process. (Potter 1996). TASK-2 Carry out a stakeholder analysis for ODEL and explain the importance of carrying of out a stakeholder analysis at strategic level Stakeholders A stakeholder is a person or institution with interests that can affect or be affected by the organization activities. A stakeholder is normally concerned with an institution distributing intended outcome and gathering its financial objectives. In general, a stakeholder can be classified as follow:- Internal stakeholders Connected stakeholders External stakeholders (Freeman, Edward, Reed David 2002) E.g.:-owner, manager, shareholder, investor, employee, customer, partner and/or supplier, among others. Following is a diagram for the three types of stake holders stakeholders Example of interest government Taxation, reduce the unemployment, truthful reporting and etc. Employees Wages on time, job security and promotions, respect and etc. Customers Value, quality, customer care, ethical product and etc. suppliers Equitable business opportunities, supply the product for customers. creditors credit score, new contracts, liquidity and etc. Community jobs, involvement, environmental protection, shares, truthful communication and etc. Trade unions quality, Staff protection, jobs and etc. Investors Profit, futuristic of the firm, respect and etc. (Freeman, Edward, Reed David 2002) A stakeholder may take part directly or indirectly to an organizations activities. Other than business, a stakeholder may also be concerned with the result of a specific plan, effort or activity, such as a community development scheme or the delivery of local health services. A stakeholder usually stands to gain or lose depending on the decisions taken or policies executed. Stakeholder Analysis Talking about the Stakeholder Analysis is an approach that is normally used to identify and examine the Force Field formed by any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the objectives of an organization. Stakeholder Analysis identifies the ways in which stakeholders may influence the organization or may be influenced by its activities, as well as their attitude towards the organization and its targets. E.g.:- Customers are important when quality of products is discussed. Employees are important when circumstances or safety at work is discussed. Government is important when dealing with the environment or legislation. Stake holder analysis is the appropriate method to gathering data as an introduction to planning in tactic and objective setting stage. We can generally illustrate three reasons for why does the stake holder analysis necessary to an organization. Surveys are a cost efficient way to increase the input from a large number of individuals. Ensure that you are asking the correct question to find out the information you need, and that respondents are diplomatic. Surveys are a lack of risk, low-cost starting point and are best followed up with mechanisms for dialog, creativity and consent building. One-on-one meetings are a best way to develop personal relationships while gather information. Its essential to set expectations with contributor on how the data will be used and the range of other people to be consulted, so no one is dissatisfied if all of their facts are not imitate. All make sure the information collection is available to the main decision-making group. Multi-stakeholder discussion carries together different stakeholders in a neutral forum, and is influential tools for sharing information, building consent and earlier promises to the end product. As the Roman philosopher Seneca said around 2000 years ago, the best ideas are common property. Often annual convention permits time for plan or strategy expansion workshops. An independent facilitator will produce a relieve sector and process for positive contribution. Ref: (http://www.axi.ca/tca/Nov 2004/associate article) Internal stakeholders: The internal stakeholders are can be functioning as inside the organization, those people who are having very interest and care about the organization as well, can directly affect or can be affected by the activities of a particular Organization. Generally Employees, managers, Directors and Secretary are taking place as internal stakeholders. Mean while the ODEL has its internal stake holders itself. Employees:- Employees and their delegate groups are interested in information about the permanence and profitability of their owner. They are also concerned on the information which allows them to assess the capability of the organization to provide remuneration, retirement benefits and the other requirement of an employee. ODEL accept as true that employees are the most important drivers of the growth for their organization. They have certain approach between the employees which is 5Ps. Such as: People, Pride, Passion, Process and Performance. Odel believes in combine training and development into the Companys regular work background. With this in mind, Odel provides strict workshops and guidance programs for the staffs, both locally and overseas. At Odel, they pleasure in supporting and equipping their employees to reach the top by providing the required training. By support internal staffing, Odel has increased awareness of their business culture and value. Directors:- Directors can be classified into two. Board of Directors and Non Executive Directors; Both Directors are commonly known as management body, directors have to attend the conference, financial analyzing, plan their obligations and achieve their objectives thus each and every directors have to have responsible for their responsibilities. E.g.: according to the ODEL management structure Mr. Ruchi Gunewardene Chairman/Non-Executive Director Ms. Otara Gunewardene Executive Director/CEO Mr. Paul Topping Non Executive Independent Director Mr. Sanjay Kulatunga Non Executive Independent Director Mr. Eardley Perera Non Executive Independent Director The directors have some duties towards the organization such as to be a good leader and as well a good innovator to implement some new ideas and make perfect decision on the uncertainties of the organization for its futuristic. There for they can earn the good profit and as well the good will of customers. As we take Otara Gunewardene as an example, she is a Sri Lankan industrialist as well a Model. She is the founder and CEO of the brand Odel. Otara implement some new way of strategy in her business to make Odel to shown as a highlight. She newly introduced fashions in Sri Lanka and reaching global heights on her own merit has attracted the great compliment from many esteemed institutions and serve to confirm her status as an entrepreneur par excellence. Looking back at all the tributes that have come her way since she established ODEL. Otaras determined Endeavour has always been to add value in every which way and this has inspired all the new additions to Odels portfolio of offerings. Now Odel became a section devoted to dressing customers with a taste for high fashion. To identify a good leader awards play major role. Following are some awards which are achieved by Otara Gunewardene: In 2008, Otara was awarded the Retail Leadership Award at the Asia Retail Congress in India. In 2008, Otara was invited as a leading fashion entrepreneur and anointed Woman of Saab stance by Saab Cars Singapore. In 2008, she was named as Sri Lankan Ambassador for World Animal Day. Otara nominated as the Face of Alankara in 2007, a jeweler brand that reflects modern designs for the woman of today. Ref: (http://www.otara.lk/welcome/achievements) Investor:- Investors are the source of risk capital and their concentrations are with the risk inherent in, and return present by, their investments. The organizations in formations help them to determine whether they should buy, hold or sell the shares. Shareholders are also interested in information which allows them to assess the ability of the venture to pay dividends. When are talking about the Odel capital structure, Otara Gunewardene has invest the highest amount of capital around Rs.80,833,100 (its about 55% in whole). So she has the authority to control the function of Odel as a CEO. Connected stakeholders: Some examples are given below for connected stakeholders, Supplier:- Supplier can be a person or an organization who distribute the company raw material or requirement stuffs. The motive of a supplier towards an organization is to supply to the organization where he can work for long time as well as where he can gain maximum profit. When we take a look on Odel, Odel has selected each and every product in very new trend fashionable way to its customers. As it is The Colombo jewelers is one of vital supplier for Odel. There began an industrial line developed in partnership between Odel and Colombo jewelers store for the fashion forward women. Otara motivated design collections featured fashionable jewelers using a merger of colored gems and diamonds all set in white gold. Otara motivated the design collection featured fashionable jewelers using a merge of colored gems and diamonds in all set in white gold. Akram Cassim, CEO of Colombo Jewelers Stores, mentioned on the thought of build an Otara jewelers collection, Otara has been a great source of influence and inspiration to the fashion conscious people in Sri Lanka. Ref:-(http://www.businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=2145, http://print.dailymirror.lk/life/132-life/30441) Competitors :- The firm in a particular industry produces the similar product or service is known as a competitor to another firm which is in the same industry. The present of the more competitors can reduce the price of product. But the heavy competition is the thing which can lead the market in a healthy path. When we take a look on the Odel, Odel follows the pricing strategy. But there are several firms which are having the same progress as Odel has itself. Romafour is a good example for the heavy competitor of clothing part of Odels portfolio. Romafore is a designer store which offers the best in high fashion revolutionary clothing like Odel. They are following the same pricing marketing strategy which Odel follows. They maintain their way of marketing style which helps to capture the market share in order to be a successful firm in the same industry. So in order to attract the customers from this heavy competition Odel have to implement some new innovative clothing style which does not exist yet to the market. Share holders:- Shareholder is a person or an institution who owns the share of an organization. The objective for most organization is to deliver a growth return to shareholders. This is achieved by generating growing profits and realizing them in cash. The cash can then be used for reinvestment in the business, repayment of funding or distribution to shareholders. Typical shareholders have partial authority over in public traded business beyond voting for the Board of Directors. Shareholders who bought great percentages of an organization must have additional regulatory requirements, such as widely reporting the amount of their holdings. Shareholders who are also institution insiders are need to expose the file in public whenever they wish to raise or decrease their holdings. Every legal application among the 22,548 received for shares of ODEL at the companys record-setting primary Public Offer is to be allocated shares, with the smallest investors being fulfilled and bigger investors getting allocations in proportion to their own applications, the company has publicized. Odel has allocate the IPO share of 1.2million for employees it has a different features in that retail and non retail investor criteria were allocated separately in order to avoid small investors being crowed out by large investors and to encourage wider share ownership. Ref: (http://www.odel.lk/equitable-share-allotment-in-record-odel-ipo) External stakeholders: Where the organization cannot use its influence is called as external environment. The organizations success depends upon how well they adapt to the external environment. A firms ability to plan and alter its internal variables to get advantage of opportunities produce by the external environment, and its ability to control threats cause by the same environment, determine its success. Followings are some example for the external factors. Financial public:- The financial publics frequently referred to synonymously with investors relationship. The distinction between the two disciplines in practice is a grey area as the two works side by side. From financial public, relationship in its management of the investor base, where new investors must be found to replace those who have realized their investment. Financial publics are concerned with raising awareness and build understanding amongst primarily the Citys opinion formers who influence investors and potential investors. These are often to as third party audience. The financial institutions such as banks, leasing companies, financial analysis concern about the organization performance in providing finances the company position to the outside world is hard in financial function. According to the Odel prospector DFCC Vardhana Bank, Hatton National Bank PLC, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Nations Trust Bank PLC, Sampath Bank PLC, Union Bank of Colombo Ltd are the financ ial sources of the Odel that we can identify. Government:- The central and local government performs as a basis of legist ration to form laws and legist rations are forced and pressured by the community or general public to have proper attention for their concerns. They are the people who have the authority to control the organization in order to protect the consumers against the fake product. Media:- Media plays a major role in the function of an organization. The relationship between an organization and the media has to be maintaining in a good manner. Usually televisions, newspapers, radio, journals, magazines, articles, internet, editorials are the one way street from the company to customer. Odel has a good relationship with media representatives such as The Nation, Sunday Island, Lakbima News, Daily News, Daily Mirror, The Bottom Line, Daily FT, LB News, Sudar Oli, The Island, Business Standard, Business Today, Financial Times, Island Financial, Morning Reader, HHO in order to have favor for the organization. The purpose of press relationship is not to issue press releases. It is to influence and inform the target audience. While it is largely of a tactical nature in practice, good media relationship can contribute to long term objectives such as: Improving company or brand image Higher and better media profile Changing attitudes of target audients Increasing market share Improving relationship with the community Influencing government policy at local national or international level Improving communications with investors and their advisers Improving industrial relations Scanning the External environment Analysis of societal Environment Economic, Social, Cultural, Technological, Political and Legal Factors Market Analysis Community Analysis Competitor Analysis Supplier Analysis Government Analysis Interest Group Analysis Selection of Strategic Factors Opportunities Threats Figure 2.1 (Klein Linneman 1984) TASK-3 Conduct an environmental audit for ODEL An environmental audit is helpful to categorize which part of the organization has impact on the environment and to what extent. It also an efficient risk management tool, which allow to make sure how efficiently a business acts in unity with environmental legislation. The relationship between the organizations micro environments usually involves short term operational decisions, whereas the macro environment involves more long term strategy decisions. The essential point to note is that the relationships are dynamic, never static. Thus the firms resources change from day to day as it is wins or loses contracts, employee join level it, new products are designed investments succeed or fail. It is impossible to list a